1. |
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Spoken:
Toba super-eruption – Quaternary Period
Volcanic Explosivity Index of 8
The largest known eruption on Earth
Global volcanic winter – population bottleneck
1000 year cooling episode
Paektu Mountain – Tianchi eruption
VEI 7 – AD 946
Famine in Manchuria from heavy frost and snow
Samalas Volcano – Lombok Island, Indonesia
Kuwae eruption – submarine volcano
The Holocene Epoch’s Little Ice Age
Huynaputina – Southern Peru
VEI 6 – collapse in global wine production
Three years of famine in Russia leaves two million dead
The Dutch East Indies – Mount Tambora
The most powerful explosion in human history
VEI 7 – The Year Without a Summer 1816
Mount Pinatabo – 1991 – the Philippines
Ten times larger than Mount St. Helens
10% reduction of sunlight on the Earth’s surface
Storm of the Century ’93 - from Halifax to Honduras
Record squalls and snowfalls
Thundersnows in Pennsylvania and Georgia
Yellowstone Caldera – ten to fifteen years of volcanic winter
A hypothetical global temperature drop of 15 degrees Centigrade
Screamed:
Yellowstone Caldera
Eighteen miles wide
Nine miles deep
More than two billion tons of sulfur
More than a thousand cubic kilometers of volcanic rock and ash
Thousands dead from the eruption
Ash and sulfuric acid in the atmosphere
Obscuring the sun – a drop in global temperature
Over a decade of volcanic winter
Crop failures – large famines
Billions more starving to death
Is it overdue for an eruption?
Is it overdue?
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2. |
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Two billion anoxic years
Anaerobic bacteria
Prokaryotic metabolism
No oxygen required
Early Paleoproterozoic
Photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Slowly blankets the shallow ocean
In algal blues and greens
Absorbing sunlight, a carbon fixation
Endothermic redox reactions
Free oxygen waste plus dissolved iron
Magnetite sinks into banded formations
The cyanobacteria continues to spread
Increasing oxygen concentration
Escapes into the atmosphere
Oxidizes methane into CO2
Weakens the greenhouse effect
THE EARTTH COOLS
HURONIAN GLACIATION
FIRST MASS EXTINCTION
EUKARYOTES AND PROTOMITOCHONDRIA
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3. |
HXN - Corrupt
14:25
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Chernozem Germany
BLACKEND ECO-NOISE FOR THE END OF DAYS
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